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Each university determines its own criteria for academic promotion. In some countries, the criteria defined by the national health authorities might be quite different than that of the universities....

Background: Preconditioning is the improving the overall viability of the flaps before surgery. Hypothermia is one of preconditioning methods. In literature, the effect of short time hypother...

Introduction: Hemangiomas and vascular malformations are common vascular lesions. Although various methods have been described in the treatment of vascular lesions, the place of lasers is ver...

Background: With an incidence of 1–2 in 1000 live births, meningocele is a relatively frequent birth defect. The lumbosacral region is affected in threequarters of the cases. It may lea...

Background: Surgical rejuvenation of the face is popular in esthetic surgery. Thread-lift techniques became more popularized in recent years. On the other hand, most of the plastic surgeons s...